What is autism classified as?

Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. This classification reflects that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is primarily related to the development of the nervous system, which impacts social interaction, communication, and behavior. Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that manifest early in development, typically during the developmental period, and they result in developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

In the case of autism, the difficulties experienced in communication and socialization are rooted in atypical brain development and functioning. This distinction is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms of autism and for guiding appropriate interventions and support strategies. Neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD, often co-occur with other issues, such as learning disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but they remain fundamentally linked to the brain's development rather than mood, metabolic processes, or solely behavioral issues.