Which chaining procedure is used most often because the client learns the step closest to reinforcement first?

The chaining procedure that is most often used because the client learns the step closest to reinforcement first is known as backward chaining. In this process, the trainer starts by teaching the last step of a task first, allowing the client to experience immediate reinforcement upon completing that step. This can be especially beneficial in promoting motivation and engagement, as the learner quickly sees the outcome of their actions, which reinforces their learning.

As the client becomes proficient at the final step, the trainer gradually introduces the preceding steps, ensuring that each new step is linked to the reinforcement derived from completing the task. By experiencing success up front, the client is more likely to be motivated to learn the earlier steps. This method allows for quicker acquisition of the full task as the client has a clear understanding of the final outcome and how their efforts contribute to it.

In contrast, forward chaining starts with the first step and progresses sequentially, while total task training involves teaching all steps simultaneously. These methods may not provide the same immediate reinforcement for the client, particularly in tasks where the final step is significantly rewarding.