Which systematic method assesses the purposes that a problem behavior serves and guides intervention design?

The correct answer is the functional behavior assessment (FBA), which is a systematic method specifically designed to identify the underlying purposes that problem behaviors serve for an individual. This assessment evaluates antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to understand the context in which a behavior occurs. By gathering information through direct observations, interviews, and data analysis, the FBA helps to pinpoint the functions of behavior—whether they are to gain attention, escape an unpleasant situation, access materials, or fulfill a sensory need.

A thorough FBA ultimately informs the development of tailored intervention strategies aimed at addressing the identified functions of the behavior, leading to more effective and individualized support for those exhibiting problem behaviors.

Behavioral assessment typically refers to a broader approach that may include various techniques for evaluating behaviors but does not specifically focus on the purposes behind problem behaviors. Baseline data collection is essential for establishing a point of reference against which the effectiveness of interventions can be measured, but it does not assess the functions of behaviors. A stimulus preference assessment is used to identify preferred stimuli that might be used as reinforcers but does not provide insight into the reasons behind problem behaviors.